NMLP P-045000 · True-first precedence · minted 2026-07-19

Signifying Rappers: Rap and Race in the Urban Present

David Foster Wallace and Mark Costello · The Ecco Press (New York) · 1990

US Ecco Press (1990) is the true first; there is no UK or simultaneous edition — it is a US-only paperback original. The full title on the first edition is 'Signifying Rappers: Rap and Race in the Urban Present.'

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New Mexico Literacy Project — True-first precedence NMLP P-045000 for "Signifying Rappers: Rap and Race in the Urban Present" by David Foster Wallace and Mark Costello (https://newmexicoliteracyproject.org/id/point/p-045000, CC BY 4.0, dataset DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21184548).