NMLP P-043611 · True-first precedence · minted 2026-07-19

Ring (Ringu)

Koji Suzuki · Kadokawa Shoten, Tokyo (Japanese true first); Vertical, Inc., New York (first English edition, 2003) · 1991

The Japanese Kadokawa Shoten hardcover (Tokyo, June 1991) is the true first and precedes any English text by twelve years; the Vertical (New York, 2003) hardcover is the first edition in English, and both are collected. The HarperCollins UK editions (2004; revised 2007, ISBN 9780007240135) follow Vertical and are not the first English appearance. The census claim is confirmed.

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New Mexico Literacy Project — True-first precedence NMLP P-043611 for "Ring (Ringu)" by Koji Suzuki (https://newmexicoliteracyproject.org/id/point/p-043611, CC BY 4.0, dataset DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21184548).