Fathers and Sons

Russian is the true first: Moscow, 1862 (Grachev), preceded in print by the Russkiy Vestnik serial of February 1862. For English-language collectors the first is American — Leypoldt & Holt, New York, 1867 (Schuyler) — and it precedes the first British edition, which dealer bibliographies place at 1883; both the Moscow 1862 and the New York 1867 are collected. Turgenev's own French translation made with Louis Viardot (1863) precedes the English and is a separate collecting point; Schuyler acknowledged consulting it, and textual comparison indicates he leaned on the French more often than the Russian.