Vivian Grey

Disraeli substantially revised the novel for a new edition published in 1853 (prepared with his sister Sarah's help), softening the satirical treatment of real figures such as publisher John Murray -- the model for the Marquess of Carabas -- and other material he came to regard as the excesses of his youth; most modern reprints derive from this revised 1853 text rather than the original 1826-27 first edition.