NMLP P-004615 · True-first precedence · minted 2026-07-04

Villette

Charlotte Brontë (as 'Currer Bell') · Smith, Elder & Co. · 1853

The London Smith, Elder & Co. 1853 three-decker is the true first edition. The Harper & Brothers New York 1853 edition is the first American and is secondary.

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New Mexico Literacy Project — True-first precedence NMLP P-004615 for "Villette" by Charlotte Brontë (as 'Currer Bell') (https://newmexicoliteracyproject.org/id/point/p-004615, CC BY 4.0, dataset DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21184548).