NMLP P-000861 · True-first precedence · minted 2026-07-04

Ape and Essence

Aldous Huxley · Harper & Brothers (US) · 1948

US Harper & Brothers 1948 is the true first, identified by the stated 'FIRST EDITION' and the 'F-X' Harper code; UK Chatto & Windus followed in 1949.

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New Mexico Literacy Project — True-first precedence NMLP P-000861 for "Ape and Essence" by Aldous Huxley (https://newmexicoliteracyproject.org/id/point/p-000861, CC BY 4.0, dataset DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21184548).